Currently, water pumps primarily rely on three main power sources: electricity, diesel engines, and solar energy. Among these, solar power undoubtedly stands out as the most environmentally friendly and low-carbon option. The basic principle behind a solar-powered water pump system is to harness the photovoltaic effect of solar cells, converting sunlight directly into electrical energy, which then powers an electric motor to drive the pump and lift water. For mountainous regions where access to electricity is particularly challenging, utilizing the abundant and inexhaustible energy of sunlight to operate a water pump is the ideal choice—plus, it leaves no harmful impact on the environment. Solar-powered water pumps have a wide range of applications: they can be used for agricultural irrigation, provide households with a reliable source of domestic water, support desert reclamation projects, and even benefit grassland livestock farming. In particular, in arid and drought-prone areas, solar water pumps have become a "low-carbon disaster relief" star, offering both sustainability and resilience in the face of environmental challenges.

　　Precisely because solar-powered water pumps are both low-carbon and practical, research and application of this system have been ongoing both domestically and internationally for many years. Yet, despite this history, market adoption has consistently lagged behind—largely due to the inherent unpredictability of solar energy. As sunlight fluctuates constantly throughout the day, the water flow produced by the pump can become erratic, leading to inefficiencies and significantly increasing costs. Since 2008, researchers at the Solar Energy Research Institute have been dedicated to developing photovoltaic (PV) water pumping systems. In early 2010, they successfully introduced an energy-efficient AC variable-frequency PV water pump series, while in early 2011, they unveiled a piston-type DC brushless PV water pump series. Both breakthroughs effectively addressed the challenge of inconsistent solar energy, ensuring stable pump performance in terms of head and flow rate. Today, the institute boasts two major product lines—AC and DC PV water pumps—along with globally recognized systems that are already being widely deployed around the world.

　　The photovoltaic water pump system centers around its controller, which prevents the pump’s flow rate from fluctuating with changes in sunlight intensity, thereby ensuring a stable water flow—and also providing protection for the pump itself. However, this system doesn’t rely on battery-based energy storage; instead, it uses stored water as a substitute for electricity storage, significantly reducing both the initial installation costs and long-term maintenance expenses. After all, batteries are not only relatively expensive but also prone to failure over time.